In this guide, you will find all information you are looking for about sheet metal blanking. Whether you want to learn about the actual process, benefits, failure mechanism or compare it with other processes – you will find all information right here.
Table of Contents
In sheet metal blanking, you will use punch and die system to extract suitable part from a large sheet metal. The extracted piece is the blank and one machine operation can blank multiple sheets simultaneously.
The sheet metal blanking process involves a press, punch and die system working on a metal sheet. It takes the following form:
i. The metal sheet is positioned over the die containing the desired geometry cutout within the blanking press. The punch above the sheet is also in the desired part shape.
ii. The press mechanically or hydraulically exerts a vertical force on the punch which acts on the sheets at great speed.
iii. The punch and die tooling have a clearance fit allowing the punch to shear the metal sheet in the desired shape.
iv. Shearing happens upon impact extracting the blank which falls into the die cavity.
The execution process in sheet metal punching and blanking is virtually the same. However, there lies an inherent difference in the end product.
In sheet metal blanking, the desired part is the section which you punch out from a metal sheet in the die. However, in sheet metal punching, you discard the part extracted through the punching process. The remaining part is usually the useful section.
Even though the blanking process of sheet metals seems straightforward, there are a few variations resulting in the following methods:
Involves the continuous feeding of sheets of metal into the banking press allowing accurate reproductions. Production of components such as medals, coins and bottle tops utilizes this method.
Lacks a fracture zone upon shearing thanks to compression of the whole sheet before blank extraction by a top and bottom punch pairing. Fine blanking achieves tight tolerances and reduces burr occurrence resulting in smoother edges reducing need for secondary operations such as deburring.
Finds use in the production of complex parts fashioned from steel strips through feeding a fast output stamping machine. The simplicity, fast and accurate nature of the compound die stamping method allows use in large productions of steel parts.
Combines the metalworking processes of cutting and blanking resulting in customized planks in long flat shapes.
Produces quadrilateral blanks with contours by employing unique clamping tools. It is especially useful when making square shaped components such as box panels.
Employs thin sheet metals in coiled strips with the machine executing a stamping, trimming and bending operation for parts. The parts leave in form of conjoined strips separated in a later operation into identical and individual parts.
When blanking sheet metals, you require vertical force application to push the punch through the die. The vertical force stems from pressing machines with the following most common:
Hydraulic press machines in sheet metal blanking employ hydraulic pressure stemming from a reliable fluid through a pump and valve system. While they can sustain extended blanking operations, they are relatively slow and inadequate for large production volumes.
Employ motors as the driving force of the blanking operation by transforming rotational force into a vertical force. The fast execution of mechanical press machines makes them ideal for large production operations.
Blanking punches and die typically employ tool steel or carbide in their construction for their strength and durability. However, failure of the blanking tool system is not inconceivable as follows:
Evidence of abrasion is typically along the sliding contacts upon interaction of the tool and metal sheet. Tooling requires high hardness levels such as carbides to overcome abrasive wear.
Adhesive wear and galling result from stresses due to compression, friction induced by contact movements and temperature rise. Having a tooling with high coefficient of friction, hardness and toughness is essential in preventing adhesive wear and galling.
When using material with low toughness, cracks can manifest and end in chipping or breaking of the tool. Having a tool material with homogenous and fine structure offers reliable strength show in impact and fatigue.
Sometimes the blanking force on the punch exerts a stress that overcomes the tools steel’s yield strength resulting in deformation. When blanking tougher metal sheets, employing a harder tooling such as carbide is essential.
The application of the blanked part influences the sheet metal material in blanking. Each material offers different properties such as corrosion resistance, toughness and conductivity.
Materials you can employ in blanking include:
Contains chromium which increases this material’s resistance to corrosion and thus lifespan allowing use in damp and high humidity environments. Blanked stainless steel components find use in making medical products, food packaging, kitchenware and even construction.
Aluminum metal sheets are malleable, flexible, low cost, light, durable, highly recyclable and readily available. Sheet metal blanking aluminum allows production of parts and components used in aerospace, packaging, automotive, energy and household equipment.
Copper sheets offer you blanked parts with impressive resistance to corrosion and thermal and electrical conductivity.
The carbon content influences the hardness of carbon steel resulting in low, medium and high carbon classification. Blanked components from carbon steel sheets finds automotive and industrial application thanks to carbon steel’s strength and versatility.
Iron metal sheets offer you incredible mechanical properties such as toughness useful in making blanked parts for machines.
Galvanized steel overlays steel with a uniform zinc layer to offer increased protection from corrosion. Blanked parts extracted from galvanized steel are useful in manufacturing automotive, aerospace, and appliances.
Sheet metal blanking results in blanks with imperfections of rough edges called burrs which affect part quality, functionality and are unsafe. Deburring enables you to remove these imperfections to ensure product quality, functionality and safety in use.
Common deburring methods include:
Involves components crushing against each other in a high-speed tumbling barrel thereby removing burrs and other surface imperfections.
In this deburring process, removal of burrs involves dissolution in an electrically induced solution of salts or glycol. This process is appropriate for small blanked components with complex geometries, but its duration makes it suitable for small productions only.
Entails removal of burrs by hand by utilizing tools such as files and sandpaper. Deburring manually is a cost effective process that has impressive results when done skillfully. However, undertaking manual deburring is time intensive and thus unsuitable where you have large component volumes.
Employs combustion in a sealed furnace to dissolve or burn off the burrs via explosion. Thermal deburring simultaneously eliminates burrs on multiple component surfaces finding use for high precision component production.
Nevertheless, this process set up is costly and is not highly efficient as it can fail to clear some burrs. Additionally, the conditions can result in part deformation and rust development on component surfaces.
Especially regarding blanks from soft metal sheets like aluminum, this method is highly efficient and less aggressive. Involves subjecting the components to abrasive media in a vibrating vessel that causes burr removal by rubbing.
Blanking sheet metals is a simple and fast process for producing identical components of a desired geometry for use in different applications. Some outstanding features of sheet metal blanking are thus described:
i. Configuration of equipment in blanking and metal sheet feeding process is straight forward given the desired component geometry allowing quick production.
ii. Conduction of extended production lines without interruption such as tooling changes is possible allowing fast lead times.
iii. Possible to undertake blanking of components with different geometries with tight tolerance by employing different tooling’s in a single machine.
iv. Reduces material waste by allowing reuse/recycling of stock since the blanking process does not alter the material’s properties.
While there are several pros in employing sheet metal blanking, the blanking process has the following limitations:
Blanking is an essential metal working process in the production of highly identical parts and components. Some of the areas these components find use include:
Sheet metal blanking plays an integral role in modern sheet metal fabrication process. However, you can only get high quality parts and components if you follow the right process.
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More Resources:
Blanking – Source: Science Direct
